What are some ways to improve calculation...

...other than hard puzzles?

easy puzzles?

I saw a great interview with Jacob Aagaard in which he discusses what chess calculation is all about, but I couldn't find it again. I found it very helpful to work on visualization, which is only one element of calculation, but an important one: you can only calculate as well as you can visualize. I used to recommend the Visualise courses by Benedictine on Chessable, which are excellent, but someone pointed out this website which uses the same technique for free:

https://listudy.org/en/features/blind-tactics

It's also helpful to solve puzzles that have forcing moves in order to do calculation training. There is a good book by Charles Hertan called Forcing Chess Moves: The Key to Better Calculation. I put together some exercises with forcing moves in these studies that you can use:

See my study below for various ideas.
See the References chapter for the meanings of things like CTTP.

Play A brain game

LIke: https://www.gamesforthebrain.com/

Keep playing, experience is king

@JOMEGA @NJSWIFT this is advertising!

Thanks everyone! I'll be surer to give the blind tactics think a try. @zanycolourfulwindow I asked them for ideas, and they answered me. It isn't advertising if I ask for it.

well if you dont want to do puzle then play long time variants and use it in order to reflect on possible variation by every single move. normal is something that need time, foreseing adversary move is not so simple and recognizing position, that mainly arise from your own playing need playing