How to calculate

yes bring out the calculator....dah.

I think the question is a bit too vague for a meaningful response.

Who wants to calculate? Just make a move and hope for the best. Plans are always flawed. Don't make plans. The opponent cannot stop a plan which doesn't exist.

I don't know how to explain it. So what I think helps you calculate better is

1. Solve puzzles (chess.com and lichess.org puzzles and puzzle racer and puzzle streak)
2. Play MORE.
3. Solve more book puzzles.

While doing all of those mentioned above push yourself to calculate beyond your reach and you will improve I think (I used to be a middle-schooler coach when I was in 2nd grade and I am rising 4th now).

You're basically saying that you DON'T calculate too deeply. The fact that you've gotten to 2100+ means that you CAN actually calculate but choose not to.

At critical moments in the game, you shouldn't move until you see a clear path ahead. It's literally sitting there and thinking deeply until a clear path is visible. You can't do this with bullet or blitz but that's what Classical chess is for.

Solving a variety of puzzles is a great way to working on your calculation.

However, to answer the question I think you're asking ...... as your understanding of pawn structures, theoretical endgames, prophylactic thinking along with other advanced concepts improves, your ability to actually calculate better will improve as well. You need to work on these various advanced topics and master those concepts to calculate better.

You may ask yourself two questions:

• what will my opponent do after my next move
• what is my opponents plan (what will he do in the main plan, not the direkt reaktion)
  To calculation 1 step more is a first step ....

When fide 2000 says I can't calculate

See Kotov's and Aagaard's books about calculation
Forcing moves from charles Hertan too

For puzzles:

Check list to limit possibilities:

1 Check
2 Capture
3 Threat

Do moves in your head.
You can mix up moves
When it doesn't work say why and try to fix it.

On hard puzzle:

Assess the variation, check different branches. Is it forced ? You need to have your process to have a clear answer. YES or NO with arguments

In games: That something I struggle with and start to better implement in my games. I would say asking every time especially when there is a conflict between pieces the method above. What is important is what do you calculate ? I want to play that move. Does it work ? Then you calculate ad have an opinion about it. Yes or NO

In blitz it is merely impossible to have for the whole game that practice it is better to play slow time control to use it during a whole game

But to it seems that your question is not how to calculate but how to assess the position. Meaning you have a plan or an idea you calculate but you are not looking for your opponents responses ... and you need to find an alternative plan and choose between that 2 plans. So I think you need to evaluate more you possibilities and choose the right one. It more that than to properly calculate