Why do men and women compete in different divisions??

Recently, the Tata Steel chess tournament finished ini 29th of January 2024
Ju wenjun who is the women's world champion played in the master section in the Tata Steel. still being a 2549 elo ratedand top 500 rated player in the world, manages to draw against, Ian Nepomniachchi, Max Warmedon,Vidit Gujarathi,Alexander Donchenko,Gukesh D, Parham Maghsoodloo,men's world chess champion Ding Liren and won the game against Alireza Firouzja. she managers to be 10 out of the 14 participants almost in a super grandmaster tournament.
Also, There were 4 women players in the challenger section whom were low rated players compared to other participants.
Harika Dronawalli who placed 9th in the tournament drew 7 games, 2 wins and 4 losses
Divya Deshmukh just being an international master manages to defeat Jaime Santos Latasa and Liam Vrojilk.
Eline Roebers who only scored 2 out of 14 games manages to defeat the top 2 seeds in the challenger sections named Hans Moke Niemann and Mustafa Yilmaz
Stefan Beukema also draw against 2 2600 elo players which is an very good achivement for an international master.
from these informations, you'll noticed that how women compete this good in super tournaments like this even though they are so low rated compared to other participants.
Lets get back into our main topic,

Why do men and women play chess in different divisions???
this is an very hightly debated topic in the chess world. this has being mainly occured due to the average rating difference between men and women let me explain,
the 1st ever grandmaster is Nona Gaprindashvili in 1978. there were chess master whom were men that had the super grandmaster strength ever in the 19th century. as we compared men in this senario, it went more thana 100 years to a woman to be a chess grandmaster.
Statics have shown that there are only 1 female to 16 male players which means from 605 million chess players, there are only 37million chess players. chess prodogies are players whom came to play chess for the very 1st time but has a 900-1000 elo strength which is pretty un usual. statics have shown that out of the 605 chess players, there are only 10 chess players have thata ability which means every child from 60 million children. when we compared with women this senario, the formation of women chess prodogies are extraordinary because the estimated no. of women chess players are 37 million. this shows that it is very facinating it there is an former top 10 player in the world.
Imagine that there is an chess prodogy who is an girl. she will be 2000-2100 elo within like 3-4 years. then, she might have to decide whether she will compete in the international level, or stop at some point. to conclude her deceision. she have to do a research about women grandmaster. she'll identify that it is very hard to maintain a good form in chess and daring the discrimination.
Money is an essential need in a human society. mainly the averagesalary of a chess player is 15k-20k per month and also, 95% of the chess grandmasters arn't paid. this is a serious problem to women because there are only 10% of women grandmasters. so, that person might stop there journey at some point and do something or they will try to be in top but, they have to face a very hard living, because sponsors arn't sure about women chess prodogies than men.

Fun Fact
there is only 1 women that has crossed the 2700 rating barrier who is Judit Polgar with an highest peak of 2735. at present, there is only 1 female in the top 100 who is Hou Yifan (rank-81) but she isnt playing in the top that much.

In very elite and prestigious tournaments, there is an open tournament and a women's tournament. open mean both men and women play but ithin women's section, only women and girls can play.
The reason that there are 2 division like this because to give a women player a chance to perform in the tournament. it there is an open tournament, it is most likely women cannot perform because it is more hard and challenging.
Another reason is the rating difference. even players like Judit Polgar and Hou Yifan had a very high elo compard to women is because they have play in open section more than others. other female chess players mostly do not take that risk because they would also like to perform among them. due to this reson, the difference between top male chess player and top female chess player by rating is almost 200 elo. that is a very big margin.
when a top female chess player win several tournaments the elo increment mostly be 20-30 because there are no player more than 2600-2650 elo player. so no matter how much they improve the rating will be in the same position. the same senario we can take to male chess players but due to that 200 elo difference no one would not consider it.

Why aren't women compete with men in tournaments??
These are some quote from several super grandmasters.
"I guess they're just not so smart" Bobby Fisher 1962.
"Chess is not for women... women are weaker fighters" Garry Kasperov 1989.
"Men are hardwired to be better chess player than women" Nigel Short 2015.
These quotes are very inappropriate but in my opinion this might have being a question for every chess player in that generation and even women because, there are no female players that much at that time. And even once in an interview bobby fisher told that he can ever sacrifice his knight for no reason and even win the game with women chess players. But we can conclude that that impression in completely wrong, and even Magnus Carlsen couldn’t do it, but at that time, there wasn’t a way to conclude or observe that scenario so, they did not disagree with it.
Even that statement is 70-80 years old. female chess players still have that fear and embarassment to play in an open section because, they might think that men will discriminate them again.

Fun fact
This is slowly being reducing because there are some tournaments with only and open section. Qatar masters, Bangalore international grandmaster chess tournament,Tata Steel and Indonesian open are some examples for it

What about there chess strength???
From above all of those information, we talk aboved mainly there ratings. but as it turns out women also have a 2600-2700 elo strength in the top level. we do not see that often because of the tournament system in FIDE. from the beginning of the discussion i talked about the Tata Steel. it is the perfect exmple for the female dominance. it we consider the ameture level or the intermediate level in chess, there isn't a difference at all when it comes to playing. same as boys, girls also have a passion and like to chess. there isnt a rating gap or gap in the strength, both have the same conditions.

Conclusion
I think that no one has the right to blame or hurt women because of chess. they might have low elo but have an high strength. so, that we can never underestimate women in chess. and also, lately, chess player with a below rating of 2000 elo had an small increment in their rating {(2000-rating)0.4 + rating} i think to keep the a balance conditions between men and women, the ratings of women must be increased a small amount. that way, it is way more easier to compete with men with a same rating and strength