How is the border separating opening, middlegame and endgame defined by Lichess?
There isn't a hard and established border. My understanding is that it roughly goes like this:
Opening: All moves are essentially established theory.
Middle game: Everything between the opening and the endgame
Endgame: Both Queens and at least a few other pieces have been removed from the board. Depending on what definitions you use, some people will say Queens are okay as long as most of the other pieces are removed (e.g. point value of all non-pawn pieces <14). Perhaps phrased another way: The point at which King activity is more important than King safety.
Opening: All moves are essentially established theory.
Middle game: Everything between the opening and the endgame
Endgame: Both Queens and at least a few other pieces have been removed from the board. Depending on what definitions you use, some people will say Queens are okay as long as most of the other pieces are removed (e.g. point value of all non-pawn pieces <14). Perhaps phrased another way: The point at which King activity is more important than King safety.
I think it's an interesting question, I don't understand it fully
My understanding;
Opening - the first 10ish moves where you fight for the centre and typically don't want to move the same piece twice
Middle game - characterised by all minor pieces being developed and connecting the rooks.
Endgame - few minor pieces remain, king plays an active role
My understanding;
Opening - the first 10ish moves where you fight for the centre and typically don't want to move the same piece twice
Middle game - characterised by all minor pieces being developed and connecting the rooks.
Endgame - few minor pieces remain, king plays an active role
There's no true border, but the openings often consist of mainly theory. It's where you follow the basic principles of developing and get ready for a battle. Or you could already be battling, and after the dust settles it could be considered the middlegame.
In the middlegame, there's a good chance a few or several pieces have been traded off. When the position is opened up and pieces begin fighting wildly it can be considered the middlegame, and after there are just a few non-pawn pieces left it could be considered the endgame. If you're playing a closed the game, the middlegame can be much, much longer and it will mostly involve quiet moves, preparing of pieces, and LOTS of pawn pushes.
And finally, the endgame. Endgames are usually where the game is simple enough to study a lot. If there are no pawns, in a reasonable game it's the endgame already. The endgame can begin when there are few pieces - about 2 or 3 - on one or both sides. The endgame lasts until the game is terminated by any means. Obviously, if the game is ended before the endgame, the end of that game is not considered the endgame. You could compare this to crazyhouse, where the game ends without really reaching a proper standard chess style endgame.
In the middlegame, there's a good chance a few or several pieces have been traded off. When the position is opened up and pieces begin fighting wildly it can be considered the middlegame, and after there are just a few non-pawn pieces left it could be considered the endgame. If you're playing a closed the game, the middlegame can be much, much longer and it will mostly involve quiet moves, preparing of pieces, and LOTS of pawn pushes.
And finally, the endgame. Endgames are usually where the game is simple enough to study a lot. If there are no pawns, in a reasonable game it's the endgame already. The endgame can begin when there are few pieces - about 2 or 3 - on one or both sides. The endgame lasts until the game is terminated by any means. Obviously, if the game is ended before the endgame, the end of that game is not considered the endgame. You could compare this to crazyhouse, where the game ends without really reaching a proper standard chess style endgame.
All of these answers do not answer the question, because the question says "in lichess". It's about how the website has those defined, not about what these concepts means in chess, that is a different question.
Lichess has defined conditions in its code about what is considered opening, middlegame and ending.
Just look up the analysis by stockfish of a finished game, and you'll see a blue vertical line separating "opening" and "middlegame", and an orange one separating "middlegame" and "endgame". Thus the question is, how are these computed.
Lichess has defined conditions in its code about what is considered opening, middlegame and ending.
Just look up the analysis by stockfish of a finished game, and you'll see a blue vertical line separating "opening" and "middlegame", and an orange one separating "middlegame" and "endgame". Thus the question is, how are these computed.
We know this alayan. It provoked a discussion as we don't know what parameters lichess operates on.
It was already answered in another thread, but the answer was largely ignored: lichess.org/forum/game-analysis/how-does-the-analysis-tool-know-where-the-middle-game-and-end-game-start#2
The code: github.com/ornicar/scalachess/blob/9b583bc14022550f73d51d083de745367e2a57f6/src/main/scala/Divider.scala#L23-L49
The code: github.com/ornicar/scalachess/blob/9b583bc14022550f73d51d083de745367e2a57f6/src/main/scala/Divider.scala#L23-L49
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