@MohammadAayanKhan is right. The opening itself wasn't guilty for his defeat.
10...c6.? is just slow and stupid. If you played Nb4 (which was totaly correct), then why not 10...d5.! His white bishop is awkwardly standing on e4 and you could sue him for your own benefit.
Anyway, after c6, you were getting squeezed up. But still, he lacked pieces to deliver you a finishing blow. But then 15...Qe7.?? happened. The thing is, you will get squeezed if you do nothing.
15...de5.! was necessary. After he captures 16.fe5 back, then the move 16...f6! was necessary. You have to give your knight a breathing space. After 17.e6, you are probably worse, but you are still fighthing.
So the thing is, the reason why you lost is your lack of understanding the position itself, not the opening.