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Why can I not take here?

Because you would still be hanging your king to the rook. A piece that is pinned to the king is allowed to "move" in order to capture the enemy king. Therefore, it is illegal for you to take the bishop.
Pieces that are absolutely pinned have an attacking influence on the opposite king, even if they cannot move at all. They have no defensive power tho.

Just imagine that kings could be captured. If you play kxg2 their rook will take your king and the game is over.

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